Saturday, March 8, 2008

Mark Twain

Mark Twain
1.NEWS
Mark Twain play to appear on Broadway03-22-2007Is Mark Twain ready for Broadway? You better believe it. According to producer Bob Boyett, the recently discovered Twain-written play, “Is He Dead?” is scheduled for an October opening on Broadway. In an article featured on
Playbill.com, Boyett told reporter Zachary Pincus-Roth that rehearsals are set to begin in September with the play opening at the end of October. This past February, Boyett, along with co-producer Bill Haber, brought on David Ives to rework the long lost Twain play and hired Michael Blakemore to direct. According to the Playbill.com article, the 1898 play was unearthed by scholar Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Professor of English and Director of American Studies at Stanford University, while looking in an archive of Twain's papers at the University of California. The article goes on to state that Boyett obtained rights to the play in the spring of 2003 and it was published that fall.


2.BIOGRAPHY

On Nov. 30, 1835, the small town of Florida, Mo. witnessed the birth of its most famous son. Samuel Langhorne Clemens was welcomed into the world as the sixth child of John Marshall and Jane Lampton Clemens. Little did John and Jane know, their son Samuel would one day be known as Mark Twain - America's most famous literary icon. Approximately four years after his birth, in 1839, the Clemens family moved 35 miles east to the town of Hannibal. A growing port city that lies along the banks of the Mississippi, Hannibal was a frequent stop for steam boats arriving by both day and night from St. Louis and New Orleans. Samuel's father was a judge, and he built a two-story frame house at 206 Hill Street in 1844. As a youngster, Samuel was kept indoors because of poor health. However,


by age nine, he seemed to recover from his ailments and joined the rest of the town's children outside. He then attended a private school in Hannibal.
When Samuel was 12, his father died of pneumonia, and at 13, Samuel left school to become a printer's apprentice. After two short years, he joined his brother Orion's newspaper as a printer and editorial assistant. It was here that young Samuel found he enjoyed writing. At 17, he left Hannibal behind for a printer's job in St. Louis. While in St. Louis, Clemens became a river pilot's apprentice. He became a licensed river pilot in 1858. Clemens' pseudonym, Mark Twain, comes from his days as a river pilot. It is a river term which means two fathoms or 12-feet when the depth of water for a boat is being sounded. "Mark twain" means that is safe to navigate. Because the river trade was brought to a stand still by the Civil War in 1861, Clemens began working as a newspaper reporter for several newspapers all over the United States. In 1870, Clemens married Olivia Langdon, and they had four children, one of whom died in infancy and two who died in their twenties. Their surviving child, Clara, lived to be 88, and had one daughter. Clara's daughter died without having any children, so there are no direct descendants of Samuel Clemens living. Twain began to gain fame when his story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County" appeared in the New York Saturday Press on November 18, 1865. Twain's first book, "The Innocents Abroad," was published in 1869, "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" in 1876, and "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" in 1885. He wrote 28 books and numerous short stories, letters and sketches. Mark Twain passed away on April 21, 1910, but has a following still today. His childhood home is open to the public as a museum in Hannibal, and Calavaras County in California holds the Calavaras County Fair and Jumping Frog Jubilee every third weekend in May. Walking tours are given in New York City of places Twain visited near his birthday every year.



3.Works


· fiction
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A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
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A Double Barrelled Detective Story
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A Horse's Tale
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Huckleberry Finn
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Letters from the Earth


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Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc
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The $30,000 Bequest
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The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
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The American Claimant
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The Gilded Age
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The Mysterious Stranger




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The Prince and the Pauper
o
o
The Tragedy of Pudd'Nhead Wilson
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Tom Sawyer Abroad
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Tom Sawyer, Detective
o
· Non-Fiction
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A Tramp Abroad
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Chapters from My Autobiography
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Christian Science
o
Editorial Wild Oats
o
Following the Equator
o
Is Shakespeare Dead?
o
Life on the Mississippi
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Roughing It
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The Innocents Abroad
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· Short Stories
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A Burlesque Biography
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The Californian's Tale
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A Dog's Tale
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Edward Mills and George Benton: A Tale
o
The First Writing Machines
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The Five Boons of Life
o
A Helpless Situation
o
Italian with Grammar
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Italian without a Master
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A Telephonic Conversation
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Was it Heaven? Or Hell?
o
1601
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The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
o
A Burlesque Autobiography
o
The Facts Concerning the Recent Carnival of Crime in Connecticut
o
How to Tell a Story
o
Extracts from Adam's Diary
o
Eve's Diary
o
The Loves Of Alonzo Fitz Clarence And Rosannah Ethelton
o
About Magnanimous-Incident Literature
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The Canvasser's Tale
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An Encounter With An Interviewer
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Rogers
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Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven
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The Curious Republic of Gondour
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A Memory
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Dan Murphy
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Curious Relic For Sale
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A Reminiscence of the Back Settlements
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A Royal Compliment


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The Approaching Epidemic
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The European War
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The Wild Man Interviewed
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Goldsmith's Friend Abroad Again
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The Stolen White Elephant
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The £1,000,000 Bank Note
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· Essays
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As Concerns Interpreting The Deity
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At The Shrine Of St. Wagner




o
Concerning Tobacco
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The Death Of Jean
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Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offences




o
How To Make History Dates Stick
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The Memorable Assassination
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On The Decay Of The Art Of Lying
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A Scrap Of Curious History
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A Simplified Alphabet
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Taming The Bicycle
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The Turning Point Of My Life
o
William Dean Howells
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Plymouth Rock and the Pilgrims
o
Last Words of Great Men
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The War Prayer
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General Washington's Negro Body-servant
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Wit Inspirations of the "Two-year-olds"
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An Entertaining Article
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A Letter to the Secretary of the Treasury
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Amended Obituaries
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A Monument to Adam
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A Humane Word from Satan
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The New Guide of the Conversation in Portuguese and English
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Advice to Little Girls
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Post-mortem Poetry
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The Danger of Lying in Bed
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Portrait of King William III
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Does the Race of Man Love a Lord?
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Punch, Brothers, Punch
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The Great Revolution In Pitcairn
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Paris Notes
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Legend Of Sagenfeld, In Germany
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Speech On The Babies
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Speech On The Weather
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Concerning The American Language
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Introductory to 'Memoranda'
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About Smells
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A Couple of Sad Experiences
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The 'Tournament' in A.D. 1870
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The Tone-Imparting Committee
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Our Precious Lunatic
o
Paul Bourget


o
What is Man?
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· Poetry
o
O Lord, Our Father





4.FAST FACTS
Birth name: Samuel Longhorne ClemensNickname (name change): Mark Twain, Thomas Jefferson SnodgrassOccupation: NovelistBirth date: November 30, 1835Birth place: Florida, Mo.Death date: April 21, 1910Death place: Redding, Conn. Burial location: Woodlawn Cemetery, Elmira, N.Y.Spouse: Olivia LangdonChildren: Langdon Clemens, Susy Clemens, Clara Clemens, Jean ClemensDid you know?
Haley's Comet was visible in the sky on the night that Mark Twain was both born and passed away.
Mark Twain published more than 30 books throughout his career.
Hannibal, Mo. served as the inspiration for the fictional town of St. Petersberg in "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."
As a teenager, Twain worked as an apprentice printer.
As a riverboat pilot, Twain earned from $150 to $250 a month.
During the Civil War, Twain formed a Confederate militia known as the "Marion Rangers." The militia disbanded after approximately two weeks.
Twain left Missouri after his militia disbanded and moved to Nevada. There he worked as a miner.
"Roughing It" describes Twain's journey out West with his brother Orion.
From 1901 until his death in 1910, Twain was vice president of the American Anti-Imperialist League.
"Huckleberry Finn" was ranked as the fifth most frequently challenged book in the United States by the American Library Association.
Prior to adopting Mark Twain as his pen name, Clemens wrote under the pen name Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass for a number of humorous pieces that he contributed to the Keokuk Post.




5.Directory of Mark Twain's maxims, quotations, and various opinions:

ADVICE
There are three things which I consider excellent advice. First, don't smoke to access. Second, don't drink to excess. Third, don't marry to excess.
BABIES
Sufficient unto the day is one baby. As long as you are in your right mind don't you ever pray for twins. Twins amount to a permanent riot; and there ain't any real difference between triplets and a insurrection.- The Babies speech 1879


Cat
Of all God's creatures there is only one that cannot be made the slave of the lash. That one is the cat. If man could be crossed with the cat it would improve man, but it would deteriorate the cat.- Notebook, 1894

DANCE
I was exceedingly delighted with the waltz, and also with the polka. These differ in name, but there the difference ceases--the dances are precisely the same. You have only to spin around with frightful velocity and steer clear of the furniture. This has a charming and bewildering effect. You catch glimpses of a confused and whirling multitude of people, and above them a row of distracted fiddlers extending entirely around the room. The waltz and the polka are very exhilarating--to use a mild term--amazingly exhilarating.-
Territorial Enterprise, Letter 12/12/1862
ECONOMY
It isn't the sum you get, it's how much you can buy with it, that's the important thing; and it's that that tells whether your wages are high in fact or only high in name.- A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court


FACTS
How empty is theory in the presence of fact!- A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

GAMBLING
Illustration from first edition of
LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI There are few things that are so unpardonably neglected in our country as poker. The upper class knows very little about it. Now and then you find ambassadors who have sort of a general knowledge of the game, but the ignorance of the people is fearful. Why, I have known clergymen, good men, kind-hearted, liberal, sincere, and all that, who did not know the meaning of a "flush." It is enough to make one ashamed of one's species.
- quoted in A Bibliography of Mark Twain, Merle Johnson

HABIT
Habit is habit and not to be flung out of the window by any man, but coaxed downstairs a step at a time.- Pudd'nhead Wilson's Calendar

ILLNESS
....as far as being on the verge of being a sick man I don't take any stock in that. I have been on the verge of being an angel all of my life, but it's never happened yet.- Mark Twain, a Biography

JESUS
Jesus died to save men--a small thing for an immortal to do, & didn't save many, anyway; but if he had been damned for the race that would have been act of a size proper to a god, & would have saved the whole race. However, why should anybody want to save the human race, or damn it either? Does God want its society? Does Satan?- Notebook #42

6.Mark twain house




The Mark Twain House
Long celebrated for its apparent whimsy and stylistic idiosyncrasy, the Twain House is more accurately noted as an inspired and sophisticated expression of modernity. In this design, the architect Edward Tuckerman Potter expanded on his earlier Nook Farm house for George and Lilly Warner (built 1870, destroyed c.1960). For Twain however, Potter employed a vibrant palette of painted brick reminiscent of William Butterfield's work in England of the 1860s and traditional chalet designs of the Alsatian region of France.
The Twain house is defined mostly by the variety and unpredictability of its elements. No two elevations are alike; generally symmetrical gables are, upon closer inspection, subtly different in their decorative treatments: various chimneys and towers rise spontaneously in contrast to the calming, broad sweep of the deep porches and porte cochere. The painted brick diaper pattern seems to strain as it contains the shifting surfaces of the walls and the vigorously projecting bays.
This commitment to experimentation is also revealed in the exotic and provocative interiors designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany and his partners in Associated Artists. Cultures and styles from around the globe are celebrated and reinterpreted in the dense network of pattern, texture, and color throughout the first floor of the house. Northern Africa, the Far East and India are woven together in a bravura performance of a knowing and elegant eclecticism that helped set a new standard for the Gilded Age.
New technologies were also employed that included a gravity flow heat system, split flues to allow for windows over two fireplaces, and seven bathrooms with flush toilets. In addition, Twain was both proud of, and flummoxed by, his telephone, one of the very first installed in a private home. When combined with his profoundly new way of writing as he advanced his increasingly progressive social and political views, the house is more clearly appreciated as a landmark of modern American thought in the fullest sense.





CAREER HIGHLIGHTS
1839 - Samuel Clemens moves to Hannibal, Mo.
1867 - Publishes his first book, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County."
1869 - Mark Twain publishes "Innocents Abroad" after traveling through Europe and the "Holy Land." The book is considered to be Twain's first best-seller.
1876 - Mark Twain publishes "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer."
1882 - Publishes the novel "The Prince and the Pauper."
1884 - Mark Twain publishes his most popular work, "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."
Feb. 2, 1870 - Mark Twain marries Olivia Langdon
1907 - Twain receives an honorary doctorate from Oxford University.

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